Ambulation is defined as “the act, action, or an instance of moving about or walking” (source Merriam-Webster). It is a very common rehabilitation goal after surgery or a loss of mobility due to a serious injury. Ambulation cannot be fully regained in some situations, but as long as there is a reasonable expectation to improve to some degree, it is a worthwhile endeavour.
Why Ambulation is Essential to Recovery
- Improves Circulation
Following a period of immobility, ambulation is critical for reducing swelling, particularly in the legs. Ambulation requires repetitive contraction and relaxation of leg muscles, which in turn pump and circulate blood around the body. When swelling reduces, you’re better able to move your limbs and reduce pain. - Regulates Bowel Movement
Ambulation promotes peristaltic activity, the wave-like movement of gastrointestinal muscles, by stimulating the nerves of these muscles. This results in a wave of intestinal motility and helps prevent constipation, thereby also improving appetite. - Builds Stronger Bones and Muscles
When muscles and bones are not used, atrophy (or wasting) occurs. Ambulation helps prevent atrophy by maintaining strength in muscles and bones involved in weight-bearing and walking.
Without ambulation, problems related to joint health, tissue healing, and nerve function can develop rather quickly. Secondary effects, such as poorer mental health and decreased social activity, can also greatly reduce quality of life.
How Can Ambulation be Regained or Improved?
In the early stages of recovery, you may require assistance from a gait aid (such as a cane or walker), a brace or splint, and physical assistance from a caregiver. There may also be certain muscles or joints that need to be mobilized and strengthened to achieve better gait. A physiotherapist can identify faulty walking patterns and prescribe appropriate exercises and gait aids to increase ambulation.
Some medical conditions, particularly those of neurological nature, require additional interventions such as medications and injections. For example, a stroke patient may need muscle relaxants in order to reduce spasms and improve range of motion. A physiotherapist can liaise with other healthcare providers to make necessary referrals and consultations in this regard.
There are many benefits to ambulating, both in terms of daily function and overall well-being. Book an assessment with a physiotherapist to learn how you can improve your ambulation.
